If you’ve spent time around horses, you’ve likely heard of colic. It’s one of the most common and potentially fatal conditions horses can experience. Colic is a blanket term and refers to any abdominal pain. It has many causes, including mild gas buildup, to something more severe, such as an impaction or twisted intestine. Not every case is an emergency, but all cases should be taken seriously. The sooner you recognize the signs, the better the chance of a positive outcome. Here are some of the most common signs of colic.
Changes in Behavior
One of the first signs that something is off is a change in your horse’s behavior. Restlessness, pawing at the ground, lying down more than usual, or getting up and down repeatedly may indicate discomfort. Some horses may also roll, which can be especially concerning if done repeatedly or violently.
Rolling can worsen certain types of colic, so it’s best to limit movement until a vet arrives. Going off feed is another significant indicator that something is wrong. Horses with colic may refuse grain, hay, or even treats. Along with appetite changes, watch for reduced or no manure output, dry or hard feces, or diarrhea. These signs can suggest impaction or other gastrointestinal issues.
Signs of Pain
A horse looking at its sides, biting or nipping at the belly, or kicking at the stomach is usually from pain. These physical signs often accompany other behaviors and are your horse’s way of showing you that something doesn’t feel right.
Abnormal Gut Sounds
A healthy gut is usually active and noisy. If you place your ear against your horse’s belly and notice a lack of sound or unusually loud noises, it may indicate trouble. Decreased or excessive gut activity can be a sign of colic, depending on the type and cause. It is a good idea to regularly listen to your horse’s gut to understand what a normal gut should sound like. This will make it easier to identify if something sounds different.
Sweating and Vital Signs
Sweating with no activity is another big sign. Some horses break into a patchy sweat across the chest or flanks even while standing still. A colicking horse will also generally have an increased respiratory rate and heart rate.
Lethargy
If your usually alert and curious horse suddenly becomes withdrawn, dull-eyed, or uninterested in their surroundings, pay attention. A quiet, disengaged horse is often experiencing pain and may be in the early stages of colic.
Contacting Your Vet
While not all colics are life-threatening, they can become severe, very quickly. Even if symptoms seem mild, it's always best to contact your veterinarian as soon as you suspect colic. Explain all the signs you are observing to your veterinarian, including heart and respiratory rates. They will provide guidance until they can get to you.
Most vets will recommend limiting feed and not allowing them to roll, if it is safe for you. Early intervention with colic can make a significant difference in the outcome. Do not wait to call your vet!
